Olive Leaf Extract.CAS.NO:8060-29-5.4:1.Oleuropein.M.F.C25H32O13.CAS No.32619-42-4.Olea Europaea Leaf Extract,Olive Leaves Extract.


Chemical Name: 2-(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)ethyl (2S-(2alpha,3E,4beta))-3-ethylidene-2-(beta-D-glucopyranosyloxy)-3,4-dihydro-5-(methoxycarbonyl)-2H-pyran-4-acetate
Mass:540.1843

Botanical Source:Olea europa (O. europaea)
Common Names&Synonyms:Olea europaea, Olea folium, Olea gallica, Olea lancifolia, Olea oleaster,Oleae europaea, Oleae folium, Olivier,Olive, Olive

Phytochemicals and Constituents:Mechanisms

Over a period of more than 30 years since Panizzi et al''''''''''''''''s isolation of oleuropein, extracts from various parts of the olive tree have been extensively investigated. Oleuropein appears to be present throughout the olive tree, including leaves, buds, fruit, wood, bark and roots. Olive leaves contain around 60~90 mg per gram (dry weight) oleuropein,plus significant levels of a glucosidic ester of elenolic acid and hydroxytyrosol (3,4-dihydrophenylethanol). However, it turns out that oleuropein and the products of its hydrolysis, oleuropein aglycone, elenolic acid, beta-3,4-dihydroxyphenyethyl alcohol and methyl-o-methyl elenolate, are the major molecules of interest biologically.


Active constituents:
Olive leaf has a wide number of constituents, including oleuropein and several types of flavonoids (e.g., rutin, apigenin, luteolin). While olive leaf is traditionally associated with a wide number of medicinal claims, few of these have been verified by experimental study. In an animal study oleuropein (when given by injection or in intravenous form) was found to decrease blood pressure (e.g., systolic and diastolic) and dilate the coronary arteries surrounding the heart. This ability to lower blood pressure may justify the traditional use of olive leaf in the treatment of mild to moderate hypertension. However, human studies are needed to clearly establish olive leaf as a potential treatment for high blood pressure.
In addition, a test tube study has revealed that oleuropein inhibits the oxidation of LDL cholesterol. LDL oxidation is one part in a series of damaging events that,if left unchecked, can lead to the development of atherosclerosis. This action may provide one clue as to why those consuming a Mediterranean-based diet may lower their risk of developing atherosclerosis.
Oleuropein from olives may also have antibacterial properties. When unheated olives are brined to preserve them, oleuropein is converted into another chemical called elenolic acid. Elenolic acid has shown antibacterial actions against several species of Lactobacilli and Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilus in a test tube study. Whether or not the oleuropein in the leaf undergoes such a transformation is open to question at this point, raising some question as to its antibacterial effects and potential use for this purpose in humans.

Olive leaf extracts have been employed experimentally to lower elevated blood-sugar levels in animals with diabetes. These results have not been reproduced in human clinical trials and as such, no clear conclusions can be made from this animal study in the treatment of diabetes.
Hippocrates, the ancient Greek physician prescribed olive oil for ulcers and other ailments, yet it was only in the 1900 that the bitter compound - oleuropein - was isolated from the leaf.
The leaves contain secoiridoids - including oleuropein, as well as ligustroside and oleacein. It further contains triterpenoids (oleanolic acid and uvaol), sterols, flavonoids (chrysoeriol, apigenin and luteolin glycosides) and various other phenolic acids.


Oleuropein:
Oleuropein, an active constituent of olive oil and olive leaf, was investigated by Coni and coworkers. The researchers conducted an in vivo study that evaluated oleuropein''''''''''''''''s effects on the serum low density lipoprotein (LDL) levels in rabbits. The study was carried out on the basis of the positive results obtained with in vitro, pilot studies on human LDL. The results of these pilot studies indicated that certain constituents in olive oil inhibited prooxidative processes in human LDL.
The rabbits were fed special diets. Diet A consisted of a standard diet for rabbits. Diet B consisted of the standard diet plus 10% (w/w) extra virgin olive oil, and Diet C consisted of the standard diet plus 10% (w/w) extra virgin olive oil and 7 mg/kg oleuropein. In order to evaluate oleuropein''''''''''''''''s effect, biochemical parameters identified in the rabbits''''''''''''''''blood plasma and LDL were measured before and after copper-induced oxidation.
The results verified the antioxidant efficacy of extra virgin olive oil¡¯s biophenols, particularly oleuropein. In measuring the presence of conjugated dienes in the rabbits¡¯ LDL, it was determined that rabbits fed Diet C had a lesser amount of conjugated dienes and therefore of lipid radicals than either rabbits fed Diets A or B. The amounts of conjugated dienes present in the LDL were 51.0 ¡À 9.3 uM, 25.8 ¡À 4.1 uM, and 19.8 ¡À 3.9 uM for rabbits fed Diet A, Diet B, and Diet C, respectively. Similarly, evaluation of other ox-LDL (oxidized LDL) parameters followed the same trend. These results indicate that oleuropein increased the ability of LDL to resist oxidation.
In addition to oleuropein''''''''''''''''s antioxidant properties, it was determined that Diet C reduced the rabbits plasma levels of total, free, and ester cholesterol by 15%, 12%, and 17%, respectively, compared to rabbits fed Diet B. This reduction caused a redistribution of the lipid components of LDL with an indirect effect on the dimensions.
Oleuropein has also been shown to effect the body''''''''''''''''s glucose or blood sugar levels, by working independently of insulin to increase metabolic uptake of glucose. However, this activity is believed to be in concert with the glucose-induced insulin release.


Mechanism of Action:
The cholesterol lowering effects of olive leaf extracts are thought to come from oleuropein, a substance contained within the leaf. Studies on hypercholesterolemic rats have shown that olive leaf extracts are more effective at lowering cholesterol than pure oleuropein. This implies that a synergistic effect occurs between oleuropein and another substance within the leaf. Oleuropein is converted into elenoic acid in the body which may prevent viruses and bacteria from replicating. The antihypertensive and vasodilating effects of olive leaf occurred independently of the integrity of the vascular endothelium. Constituents of olive leaf have been shown to strongly inhibit the complement system, although it is unknown what effect this has on the body. Hypoglycemic activities of olive leaf are attributed to two mechanisms: potentiation of glucose-induced insulin release and increased peripheral uptake of glucose. Hypoglycemic activity is greater in samples collected in the winter months. Olive
leaf extract has been shown to be effective against the following microorganisms: E. coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, S. aureus, K. pneumoniae, Trichophyton mentagrophytes, Microsporum canis, T. rubrum and Candida albicans. Anti-HIV properties of Olive leaf extract include up-regulation of the expression of apoptosis inhibitor proteins as well as protein kinase signaling molecules. Few trials in humans are available in the current literature.
Oleuropein works specifically against microbes in the following ways:
Interferes with certain amino acid production processes necessary to keep viruses alive.
Inactivates viruses by interfering with virus shedding, budding or assembly at the cellular membrane.
Penetrates infected host cells and inhibits viral replication.
Stimulates an immune system response, eliminating harmful microorganisms from the body.



Brief Benefits of Olive Leaf Extract:

Olive trees have been cultivated for thousands of years, but the immune and circulatory benefits of Olive Leaf have only recently become fully realized. In the 1850''''''''''''''''s, medical reports described how Olive Leaves cured the worst cases of malaria. An 1854 account in the Pharmaceutical Journal provided the following simple healing recipe: "A handful of leaves boiled in a quart of water down to half its original volume. A wine glassful was then administered until the fever was cured." The author believed that a bitter substance in the leaves was the key healing ingredient. This method was said to be extremely popular in England to treat sick returnees from the tropical colonies. In 1962, a scientific paper written by an Italian researcher reported that the chemical constituent "oleuropein" had the ability to lower blood pressure in animals. Other European researchers confirmed this finding and found also that it could increase blood flow in the coronary arteries, relieve arrhythmias and prevent intestinal muscle spasms. About the same time, other investigators were searching for the chemical agent within oleuropein that might be the most medically potent. A Dutch researcher found it - elenolic acid. What''''''''''''''''s more, the Europeans found it had a powerful anti-bacterial effect. In the late 1960''''''''''''''''s, research by scientists at a major American pharmaceutical company showed that elenolic acid also inhibited the growth of viruses. In fact, it stopped every virus that it was tested against. A number of in vitro laboratory experiments with calcium elenolate, a salt of elenolic acid, demonstrated a killer effect against many viruses, bacteria and parasitic protozoans. Among other effects, the compound was found to be potent against a variety of viruses associated with the common cold.
Also, the beneficial effects are not restricted to the cardiovascular system. A significant body of scientific evidence now indicates that extracts from the olive tree, including the leaves, have in their health-promoting repertoire the potential to resist or overcome attack by an impressively wide range of infectious organisms as well as to generally boost the immune system. This article reviews the available scientific and clinical evidence.
Olives are native to Asia Minor and Syria, but are cultivated in Mediterranean countries and also Chile, Peru and South Australia. Olive leaf was first used medicinally in Ancient Egypt and was a symbol of heavenly power. It was also used to mummify pharaohs. More recent knowledge of the olive leaf''''''''''''''''s medicinal properties dates back to the early 1800s when pulverised leaves were used in a drink to lower fevers. A few decades later, green olive leaves were used in tea as a treatment for malaria.
Modern health professionals first started using Olive Leaf extract in 1995 when it first became available and although a long-term perspective is not yet possible, initial results are very positive. It is emerging as a very promising and unique herb with multiple applications. It shows considerable therapeutic action against many common conditions. Olive leaf extract is gaining recognition as a powerful defender against sickness, and numerous scientific studies have been conducted to investigate the extract''''''''''''''''s beneficial properties. The reported benefits of olive leaf extract''''''''''''''''s range from promoting increased energy and healthy blood pressure, to supporting the cardiovascular system, and the immune system.

1) Anti-Inflammatory Properties: Olive leaf extract contains a class of compounds called flavonoids, which possess anti-inflammatory abilities.From research and clinical experience to date, we can say that supplemental olive leaf may be beneficial in the treatment for conditions caused by, or associated with, a virus, retrovirus, bacterium or protozoan. Among those treatable conditions are: influenza, the common cold, candida infections, meningitis, Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), encephalitis, herpes I and II, human herpes virus 6 and 7, shingles (Herpes zoster), HIV/ARC/AIDS, chronic fatigue, hepatitis B, pneumonia, tuberculosis, gonorrhea, malaria, dengue, severe diarrhea, and dental, ear, urinary tract and surgical infections.
Many people who live stressful lives or who may be particularly susceptible to colds and viruses may benefit from long-term use of olive leaf as a preventive agent. Some patients have expressed other unexpected benefits of olive leaf, including improved psoriasis, normalisation of heart beat irregularities, diminished cravings, less pain from hemorrhoids, toothaches and chronically achy joints.

2) Immune System Booster: Studies have shown that people who have taken olive oil extract have achieved a better sense of wellness. The extract acts to boost the body''''''''''''''''s ability to ward of illness and disease.
Research suggests that olive leaf may be a true anti-viral compound because it appears to selectively block an entire virus-specific system in the infected host. This appears to offer healing effects not addressed by pharmaceutical antibiotics. Olive leaf''''''''''''''''s broad killing power includes an ability to interfere with critical amino acid production for viruses; an ability to contain viral infection and/or spread by inactivating viruses by preventing virus shredding, budding or assembly at the cell membrane; the ability to directly penetrate infected cells and stop viral replication.

3) Interrupting Pathogens: Research points to olive extract''''''''''''''''s ability to stop the replication of pathogens, including bacteria and viruses, in the body.

4) Strong Antioxidant effects: oleuropein, hydroxytyrosol, and in particular, extracts of Olea europaea leaf (containing 19% oleuropein, 1.8% flavonoid glycosides, and 3,4-dihydroxy- phenethyl esters) were more potent antioxidants than vitamin E or another established antioxidant, BHT, in a model chemical system (inhibition of oxidation of methyl linoleate in heptanol or propanol-water, initiated by 2,2¡¯-azo-bis-isobutyronitrile (AIBN)).
As an antioxidant, Olive leaf extract protects those blood vessels from damage, and has been shown to be effective in protecting the heart from coronary occlusion. When taken over an extended period of time, it is believed to reverse arteriosclerosis. Olive leaves are astringent and antiseptic. Both the leaves and the bark have valuable febrifugal qualities.

5) Cardiovascular effects: Olea europea-derived compounds appear to have some interesting effects on the cardiovascular system that are unrelated to their antioxidant properties (see later), including blood-pressure- lowering and anti-arrhythmic actions, and effects on coronary blood flow in certain situations.
In 1962 an Italian researcher recorded that Oleuropein had the ability to lower blood pressure in animals. It dilates the blood vessels so that blood may flow more easily throughout the system. Other European researchers validated that claim and also found it to increase blood flow in the coronary arteries, relieve arrhythmia and prevent intestinal muscle spasms. In the years to come, a Dutch researcher identified that a primary ingredient in oleuropein inhibited the growth of viruses, bacteria, fungi and parasites. This chemical was elenolic acid. Further European research determined this compound to have strong bactericidal, antiviral and antifungal capabilities. A safety study on calcium elenolate was tested with laboratory animals and published by the Upjohn pharmaceutical company in 1970. The study concluded that even in doses several hundred times higher than recommended; no toxic or other adverse side effects were discovered.

6) Diabetes: Researchers have found that the natural olive leaf compounds can decrease the level of blood sugar.
Other Important Health Benefits of Olive Leaf Extract:Other reseach has shown that benefits of olive leaf extract may include lowering blood pressure and increasing blood flow, as well as lowering cholesterol levels.
Since olive leaf extract has been shown to dispel protozoan-caused diseases, its not surprising its reputation as an anti-malarial dates back to the early 19th century. In the 1800s, physicians brewed olive leaves and administered the bitter tea to malaria patients. The doctors reported their patients improved after drinking this tea.
The Upjohn researchers determined that olive leaf extract inhibited at least 56 disease-causing bacteria, viruses and protozoa, including the malaria-causing Plasmodium falciparum. The researchers also found it was effective against Vaccinia, a contagious viral disease of cattle, produced in humans by inoculation with cowpox virus to confer immunity against smallpox.


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Product Specifications and Supplying Conditions:

Description: Olive Leaf Extracts.
Plant Part Used: Dry Leaves of Olea europaea L.
Concentration: 4:1.
Serie Code: P-062
Expiration Date: 18~24Months in Good Condition
Storage Stock: Bulk in Stock
Pricing Terms: C&F;CIF;DDU;DDP.
Delivery Arrange: Soonest on the Day Confirmed

Appearance Showing: light yellow to rice yellow Fine Crystal Powder
Extracts State: Fine Crystal Powder
Mesh Size: 100% Pass 80 Mesh Screen
Color: light yellow to rice yellow
Odor and Smell: Characteristics
Taste Sense: Characteristic sweet sour
Bulk Density: 0.45~0.46g/ml.

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